Applications of Ultrasound in Medicine

Utilizations of Ultrasound in Medicine Abdominal muscle Assessment Using Waves Presentation Ultrasound is a sound wave with a swaying pressure wave with frequencies extending from 20 kHz until roughly 200 MHz. These frequencies are not perceptible to people. Ultrasonic gadgets are utilized to recognize articles and measure the separation between them. Ultrasound has been all the more much of the time utilized in clinical imaging showing the patient an item in their body or just for the most part taking a gander at their body. Ultrasound apparently is getting well known because of it not transmitting any radiations not at all like X-Rays. [6] Employments of Ultrasound Ultrasound is utilized in the clinical division as a methods for imaging, empowering clinical staff to see the patients body with no serious issues. The most widely recognized utilization of Ultrasound in the clinical division is its utilization in what is called a â€Å"ultrasound scan†. This is utilized to extend a moving picture of a baby inside a pregnant womans body. A case of this can be seen on the left. Ultrasound isn't just used to distinguish unborn babies yet additionally see a few organs in the body through ‘prenatal scanning’: a similar strategy utilized for a ultrasound filter. Since ultrasound effectively reflect off delicate tissue, gel should be added to the piece of the body where the sweep will be directed. A transducer is then used to produce the ultrasound waves and recognize any echoes it gets from the reflected waves. During the way toward checking the waves likewise disintegrate bits of gallstone which dwell inside our organs, with their steady vibrations.[6][7][12] Another utilization of Ultrasound is reverberation sounding. This is utilized by the quality control industry to recognize imperfections in bits of metal. As a ultrasound wave is being gone through the metal, it will arrive at the imperfection region in the metal and the reflected wave that happened to the deformity zone will be gotten by the transducer that transmitted the wave. On the off chance that there is more than one reflected wave it implies the metal is imperfection. [7][12][13][15] â€Å"Ultrasound waves can be utilized by the business for cleaning.†[12] The waves are sent through a liquid and air pockets shaped from the vibration of the ultrasound expel earth from an article. The item which is put in water or another dissolvable has liquid breakdown into the hole deserted from the dissolvable. The air pockets at that point move quickly, evacuating the soil and bringing about a rising above standard of cleanliness.[12][15] Perils and Risks The risks of Ultrasound are impressively low contrasted with different waves. Despite the fact that there is no significant danger in utilizing ultrasound it has its dangers which could hurt the client. Unnecessary introduction to ultrasound influxes of 120dB can prompt hearing misfortune. [6] Unnecessary introduction of ultrasound waves at 155dB will cause cavitation warming up the clients body cells. [6] Extreme introduction to ultrasound floods of 180dB may prompt passing. [6] Cavitation may make the clients cells heat up and summon poisonous responses. [23] Change in cells may cause Intestinal dying. [23] Harm to fetus’s cerebrum may prompt left handedness. [23] Pre-birth sweeps may cause early work, untimely birth, unnatural birth cycle and perinatal passings. [23] Potential incapacities shaped are: epilepsy, dyslexia and deferred discourse improvement. [23] Ultrasound in Physiotherapy â€Å"The point of physiotherapy is to help reestablish development and typical body work in instances of sickness, injury and disability.†. [1] Physiotherapy attempts to fix debilitated body capacities from influenced individuals. Ultrasound has discovered its way into this world, carrying it’s helpful treatment strategies with it. It’s used to treat profound tissue wounds, lessen torment from fits as wells as aggravation and swellings, increment tissue extensibility, accelerate digestion, diminish nerve bothering, upgrade sedate conveyance and accelerate mending. Ultrasound animates the blood flow and the movement of cells to aid the therapeutics. [1] [3] The ultrasound recurrence that is utilized for physiotherapy runs somewhere in the range of 0.7 and 3 MHz. [5] Gel is applied to the patients body to decrease erosion with the transducer and help the transmission of ultrasound waves. The waves are consumed by tendons, ligaments and sash and the therapeutics in fluence apply. [5] Favorable circumstances and Disadvantages Effects Social Impact Hospitalized labor has increased an abrupt ascent since the twentieth century. This is because of the improved medical clinic innovation and effective labor likelihood. [16] Since ultrasound has been a piece of the medical clinics innovation, moms have needed to see a fetal checking of their unborn kid. This has been done on numerous occasions, however society guards addressing if ultrasound examining is. The reality of having the option to see your unborn kid gives ultrasound an or more point to it’s gainful use. It permitted guardians to discover the sexual orientation of their youngster before conveyance and recognize any variations from the norm that may happen during pregnancy. [16] Moral Impact The utilization of ultrasound in pre-birth filtering is by all accounts that it influences the connection among mother and hatchling. The social correspondence is gone and what remains is correspondence through a PC screen showing the hatchling. The mother will at that point use what she sees as opposed to depending on her exemplified information. [17] Ultrasound carries awkwardness to the ethical remaining of the casualty through harmful harm to the person in question. This raises the ethical familiarity with hatchlings and on the off chance that they ought to be presented to the waves transmitted, which can bring harmful harm. Yet, this will at that point corrupt the moms moral remaining as she additionally turns into a survivor of the harmful harm ultrasound can bring. [17] Moral Impact Ultrasound has been most regularly known for deciding the sexual orientation of the baby. Ultrasound is a modest asset since all you need is a transducer and somebody who can work the gadget. In nations like China and India, guardians abuse this strategy by checking the sexual orientation of their kid and afterward choosing to prematurely end it because of the nations inclination of guys. [18] In india there are 250,000 female feticide premature births every year. The legislature has been attempting to propel individuals into esteeming female embryos yet the Economic and Social effects have lead to the event of this moral issue. [18] End Ultrasound is a protected soundwave with a minor likelihood of incredible dangers. Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be gainful and valuable in many ventures and is famous in the clinical business. It’s a technique utilized in physiotherapy to accelerate recuperating and to improve the general therapeutics. Despite the fact that it has differentiating points of interest and inconveniences, and does not merit suggesting it ought not demoralize anybody from utilizing ultrasound waves. Reference index [1] Physiotherapy How It Works . Physiotherapy. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2014. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Physiotherapy/Pages/How-can it-work.aspx>. [2] Rheumatology. Helpful Ultrasound in Soft Tissue Lesions. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/12/1331.full>. [3] Ultrasound in Physiotherapy. Ultrasound in Physiotherapy. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.greatlakes-physiotherapy.com/physiotherapy-ultrasound.html>. [4] Does Ultrasound Work? SaveYourselfca RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://saveyourself.ca/articles/ultrasound.php>. [5] Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_ultrasound#Physical_therapy>. [6] Ultrasound. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound>. [7] Ultrasound. Finish My Exams. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/material science/ultrasound.html>. [8] BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_gateway_pre_2011/radiation/ultrasoundrev2.shtml>. [9] BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_aqa/medical_applications_physics/ultrasound/update/1/>. [10] BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/waves/soundultrasoundandseismicwavesrev2.shtml>. [11] BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_gateway/radiation/ultrasoundrev3.shtml>. [12] Ultrasound. Ultrasound. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/themes/waves/ultrasound.htm>. [13] What Is Fetal Imaging and Pre-Natal Scanning? What Are the Uses of Ultrasound? N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.gcsescience.com/pwav14.htm>. [14] Uses of Sound Waves. GCSE Physics Uses of Waves Revision. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/material science/employments of-waves/amend it/employments of-sound-waves>. [15] Ultrasound. Amendment World. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.revisionworld.com/gcse-modification/material science/waves/ultrasound>. [16] Ultrasound Technology and Its Social Impact. Yippee Contributor Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://voices.yahoo.com/ultrasound-innovation its-social-sway 6812902.html>. [17] Ultrasounds Risk: Reproductive Autonomy and Epistemic Moral Injury.[emailprotected]. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/iaph/June27/Presentations/5/>. [18] Female Feticide moral Issues of Ultrasound in India and China. Why Is American Health Care so Expensive? N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://whyisamericanhealthcaresoexpensive.blogspot.co.at/2013/03/female-feticide-moral issues-of.html>. [19] BCF Technology. Monetary Benefits of Ultrasound. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.international.bcftechnology.com/learning/livestock/clinical-assets/monetary advantages of-ultrasound> [20] Benefits of the Use of Ultrasound in Physical Therapy. LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM, 7 July 2010. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.livestrong.com/article/172706-benefits-of-the-utilization of-ultrasound-in-active recuperation/>. [21] Ultrasound Therapy. For Treatment of Sports Injuries. N.p.

Timeline of the Persian Wars 492-449

Timetable of the Persian Wars 492-449 The Persian Wars (once in a while known as the Greco-Persian Wars) were a progression of contentions between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, starting in 502 BCE and running somewhere in the range of 50 years, until 449 BCE. The seeds for the wars was planted in 547 BCE when the Persian ruler, Cyrus the Great, conquered Greek Ionia. Prior to this, the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire,â centered in what is presently cutting edge Iran, had kept up an uncomfortable concurrence, however this extension by the Persians would inevitably prompt war.â Course of events and Summary of the Persian Wars 502 BCE, Naxos: An ineffective assault by the Persians on the enormous island of Naxos, halfway among Crete and the present Greek mainland,â paved the best approach to revolts by Ionian settlements involved by the Persians in Asia Minor. The Persian Empire had step by step extended to possess Greek settlements in Asia Minor, and the accomplishment of Naxos at repulsing the Persians urged the Greek settlements to consider rebellion.â c. 500 BCE, Asia Minor: The primary revolts by Green Ionian areas of Asia Minor started, in response to harsh despots named by the Persians to direct the territories.â 498 BCE, Sardis:  Persians, drove by Aristagoras with Athenian and Eritrean partners, involved Sardis, situated along what is currently the western shore of Turkey. The city was scorched, and the Greeks met and were vanquished by a Persian power. This was the finish of the Athenian association in the Ionianâ revolts.492 BCE, Naxos: When the Persians attacked, the occupants of the island fled. The Persians consumed settlements, yet the close by island of Delos was saved. This denoted the main attack of Greece by the Persians, drove by Mardonius. 490 BCE, Marathon: The primary Persian attack of Greece finished with Athens unequivocal triumph over the Persians at Marathon, in the Attica area, north of Athens.â 480 BCE, Thermopylae, Salamis: Led by Xerxes, the Persians in their second intrusion of Greece vanquished the joined Greek powers at the Battle of Thermopylae. Athens before long falls, and the Persians invade the greater part of Greece. Be that as it may, at the Battle of Salamis, a huge island west of Athens, the joined Greek naval force unequivocally beat the Persians. Xerxes withdrew to Asia.â 479 BCE, Plataea: Persians withdrawing from their misfortune at Salamis digs in at Plataea, an unassuming community northwest of Athens, where joined Greek powers gravely vanquished the Persian armed force, drove by Mardonius. This thrashing viably finished the second Persian attack. Soon thereafter, consolidated Greek powers went in all out attack mode to oust Persian powers from Ionian settlements in Sestos and Byzantium. â 478 BCE, Delian League: A joint exertion of Greek city-expresses, the Delian League framed to join endeavors against the Persians. At the point when Spartas activities estranged a significant number of the Greek city-states, they joined under the authority of Athens, in this way starting what numerous students of history see as the beginning of the Athenian Empire. Deliberate ejection of the Persians from settlements in Asia presently started, proceeding for 20 years.â 476 to 475 BCE, Eion: Athenian general Cimon caught this significant Persian fortification, where Persian armed forces put away enormous stores of provisions. Eion was found west of the island of Thasos and south of what is presently the fringe of Bulgaria, at the mouth of the Strymon River.â 468 BCE, Caria: General Cimon liberated the beach front towns of Caria from the Persians in a progression of land and ocean fights. Southern Aisa Minor from Cari to Pamphylia (the area of what is currently Turkey between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean) before long turned out to be a piece of the Athenian Federation.â 456 BCE, Prosopitis: To help a neighborhood Egyptian resistance in the Nile River Delta, Greek powers were attacked by staying Persian powers and were severely vanquished. This denoted the start of the finish of Delian League expansionism under Athenian leadershipâ 449 BCE, Peace of Callias: Persia and Athens marked a harmony arrangement, despite the fact that, to all aims a nd purposes, threats had finished quite a long while prior. Before long, Athens would end up in the center of the Peloponnesian Wars as Sparta, and other city-states opposed Athenian incomparability.

College Admissions Essay Introduction Examples TKG

College Admissions Essay Introduction Examples Most students we work with are familiar with essay introductions that look something like the below:   “Due to my diverse background and upbringing, I’m able to relate to many people because of the experiences I’ve had throughout my life.” “Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish and he eats forever. I was taught this lesson by my grandfather.”“Have you ever wondered what life would be like if you could fly?” “Throughout history, Rosa Parks has been considered a brave leader who risked her life for the sake of our future.” We hope we have your attention because this is NOT what you should do. These examples are actually the exact opposite of what you should be doing. This is, however, where many students begin (because it’s what they’re used to) but we must redirect. We have nothing but respect for high school teachers: it’s an incredibly hard job and they deserve all of the praise, but the way that you’re taught to write in high schoo l will not make for a successful college admissions essay. Most high school students are taught the five paragraph essay model. The introductory paragraph makes a wide reaching statement (a grabber!) followed by facts to back up their claim. Then there is a thesis that you usually argue or support throughout the rest of the essay. For a college essay, the last thing you want to be is argumentative. You’re sharing a side of yourself by way of telling a story, so it shouldn’t be set up with a basis of facts and figures. You don’t have to prove anything. The reason this way of writing won’t work is because you have only 650 words to tell your story. It doesn’t require a large setup or evidence. You have to get right into it. You’re not looking for an intense introduction, a grabber, or a jaw dropping figure. The point is: keep it simple. The introductory paragraph is the start of your story so you need to figure out exactly what story you’re telling before you start writi ng. You need a setting and a location: where are you? You don’t necessarily need a ton of background information because you’ll be able to weave those throughout the story. The last sentence of your introductory paragraph should not by any means give away the ending or lay out what you’ll be writing in the following paragraphs. Consider the following examples: Last Tuesday night my 17 year old golden retriever escaped from our backyard after I mistakenly left the gate open. I eventually found her the next morning, but throughout the night I learned how important it is to ask others for help when you really need it. Last Tuesday night my 17 year old golden retriever escaped from our backyard after I mistakenly left the gate open. It was dark out, and I was doing my best to hide the fact that she was lost from my younger sister, so I left my house with a flashlight and her favorite tennis ball. The first example doesn’t work for a college essay. We’ve said it before and we†™ll say it again: you need to write a story. If you write an introduction like the first paragraph, you won’t advance the plot of the story. In other words, there’s really no need to read the rest of the essay, because you already know what it’s about. The second example is better (but not perfect) because it flows directly into what’s to follow without any harsh breaking of form or sweeping statements. To start, we suggest writing your essay in free form to get as many details down as possible and editing from there. It’s easy to get stuck on the introduction, so just start writing and you’ll see it come together as you zero in on the story you aim to write. Getting the introduction down can sometimes be the hardest part. Want some help?

Analysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau - 1629 Words

Critical Analysis Paper Unequal Childhoods is a book based on the study of a variety of families ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau’s objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of ones race, social economic status plays a role in how a child develops and learns the skills they will eventually grow up to use. Lareau argues that race plays almost no role in comparison to socioeconomic class in how children develop and gain the skill set they use as they get older. Lareau emphasis that parents from different classes use different tools and methods in order to raise their children such as concerted cultivation and natural growth. Annette Lareau argues that class influences both educational and work outcomes. The conclusions she ma de early on in her book had been proven when she went back a decade later. The majority of those interviewed who came from a working class or poor family had either dropped out of high school or graduated, but did not pursue higher learning education. Of those interviewed in these lower classes, a couple did attend college but never completed any course or obtained a degree (Lareau 274). Another interesting find was that the majority of the children in the working class and poor families obtainedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau1640 Words   |  7 Pages Sarah Martinez Professor Sanchez Senior Seminar May 19, 2016 Critical Analysis Paper Unequal Childhoods is a book based on the study of a variety of families ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of onesRead MoreAnalysis Of Annette Lareau s Unequal Childhoods Essay2261 Words   |  10 Pages In Annette Lareau’s study and subsequent book Unequal Childhoods, she examined the lives of twelve children of different social classes. In particular, she focused on parenting styles within their households and their effects on the children’s future and found a direct correlation. Two of the children from her study were Alexander Williams and Tyrec Taylor, both African-American nine-year-old boys. Alexander Williams grew up in a middle-class household. The Williams’ household was typical in comparisonRead MoreAnalysis Of Annette Lareau s Unequal Childhoods : Class, Race And Family Life1859 Words   |  8 Pages Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life A book review by Luis Villadolid Luis Villadolid LCT375: Global Issues Dr. Dorothy Diehl October 2, 2014 Summary Annette Lareau’s Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life seeks to educate and enlighten its readers of the constant and ever presence of poverty and how it drastically affects different individuals of society specifically, the children. Using observations from 2 elementary schoolsRead MoreAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods1498 Words   |  6 Pages In her book, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau argues out that the influences of people, in addition as race, end in unequal childhoods (Lareau 1). to grasp this, it s necessary to infer from the book and assess the way during which race and people tend to form the lifetime of a family. The manner during which a family lives are often virtually entirely be preset by the people and race of the family. because they demonstrate, every race and peopleRead MoreA Family s Class Background Can Have A Huge Effect On Child Rearing1539 Words   |  7 PagesLareau Reading Analysis A family’s class background can have a huge effect on child-rearing. The way a family raises a child can be dependent on the class background that they have. Often families with a substantial amount of money are able to provide their children with more opportunities than families with lower income. This can have a tremendous effect on how the child is raised and how much help/support a child can get from their families to become successful and educated. Families with differentRead MoreLareaus Unequal Childhood Paper Analysis1541 Words   |  7 PagesBefore critically discussing Lareau’s Unequal childhood’s paper, it is important to briefly mention a few conceptual terms in order to get the gist of what Lareau was trying to convey to her readers. First, according to Macionis (2004) the term family is defined as a social institution found in all societies that unite people in cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children. Same author also discusses several theoretical approaches have been identified that identifies the familyRead MoreChild Care For Single Mothers2773 Words   |  12 Pagesimportant factor to be taken into consideration when looking at obesity in low income families (Weatherspoon, et. at., 2013). Obesity is observed in higher rates among single, nonworking, and less educated mothers, and obesity in the toddler and childhood years often increases the likely hood of continued obesity in adults (Weatherspoon, et. al., 2013). A National Longitudinal Survey of Youth showed that children of less educated single mothers were at a higher risk for obesity over a six year periodRead MoreUnequal Childhoods : Class, Race, And Family Life1976 Words   |  8 Pagesmiss details that could play a major i mpact on our path to success. Details such as their upbringing, social class, and education are things we should take a closer peek at when comparing their lives to ours. In her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau follows Caucasian and African American subjects from poor, working, and middle class families to understand the influence of socioeconomic class and race on adolescents raised in various households. After studying her

Birth Control The Age Old Debate - 919 Words

Birth Control: The Age Old Debate Sex for pleasure instead of reproduction has been a concept practiced for millennium. The concept of birth control has been around since for several millennium, as evidenced by â€Å"cave [paintings] that researchers believe could be 15,000 years old, found in France† (Gibson, 2015); presumably made out of â€Å"fish bladders, linen sheaths, and animal intestines† (Thompson, 2013). Evidence of things like spermicide has been around since 1500 B.C.E. Rubber condoms and dental dams have been around for nearly 200 years. And yet, there is still an extreme pushback on birth control. In the year 1873, the Comstock Act was put into place. This act prohibited the distribution knowledge of birth control on a scale ranging from printing to conversations between doctors and patients. This act prompted centuries of skepticism and backlash towards the concept of birth control. The backlash towards birth control is based on nothing but on the archai c views of the past featuring themes on abstinence and notions like that the sole purpose of a woman is to be a child-bearer; therefore birth control and the knowledge of such should be accessible to every person regardless of age, socioeconomic status, gender and sexual orientation. Formerly, one of the largest arguments against educating people about birth control and making it free and available is that promoting it will promote pre-marital sex and therefore the spread of STD’S and unwanted pregnancy, especiallyShow MoreRelatedThe Article Birth Control For Kids 886 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"Birth Control for Kids?† was published in 2007 by Time Magazine, and despite being several years old it offers an excellent analysis of sex education in U.S. schools. A middle school in Portland, Maine decided to take a vote on whether it should offer birth control pills to students through the school’s health center. If passed, the vote would allow children as young as eleven-years-old access to contraceptives aside from the traditional condom. In addition, although parental consentRead MoreThe Birth Control Movement Essay example1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Progressive Era was a period of social and political reform beginning in the post Gilded Age 19th century and lasting through WWI. Industrial and urban growth of early 19th century America while representative of opportunity and future advancement simultaneously posed many difficulties for working class citizens. Prior concerns over the conditions of working class citizens were multiplied and magnified by overpopulated and impoverished urban communities. During this era many new ProgressiveRead MoreBirth Control: Available to Teens? Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesSeven hundred fifty thousand teenagers, ages fifteen to nineteen, become pregnant each year (â€Å"Facts†). Teenage birth specialists have often debated whether or not teenagers should have access to birth con trol and other contraceptives. Although some people think teenagers having birth control will promote promiscuity, birth control should be accessible to teens because they will put themselves at a higher risk for disease and pregnancy without it, and more teenage girls would get a high school diplomaRead MoreUsing Artificial Methods Or Other Methods For Preventing Pregnancy As A Consequence Of Sexual Intercourse Become Norm?961 Words   |  4 Pagesnorm in 21st century, though in 20th century American society, it was debatable. In New York in 1920, a debate about birth control took place between Margaret Sanger and Winter Russel. They argued on the following issue â€Å"Resolved, that the spreading of birth control knowledge is injurious to the welfare of humanity.† Even though, the main core of the debate was about the spreading of birth control knowlage, both debaters argued and focused in their values. Mr. Russel a New York attorney argued fromRead MoreWhy Is The Abortion Rate Falling By David Frum979 Words   |  4 PagesWhether it’s right or wrong, the age old debate on abortion may finally be heading in a different direction. â€Å"Why is the Abortion Rate Falling† by David Frum is a web article from The Atlantic. The author argues that although society is changing, one thing has stayed the same throughout time. This age old debate between pro-life and pro-choice groups has remained consistent. Pro-life groups believe that abortion is never an option, while pro-choice groups believe that only the woman who is carryingRead MoreBirth Control Of Infant Control1192 Words   |  5 PagesBirth control pills is one of the biggest debate in our society, there’s many people against and also people that support the case. Birth Control consist in : â€Å"any of various preparations that usually contain a combination of a progestogen (as norethindrone) and an estrogen (as ethinyl estradiol) but sometimes only a progestogen, are taken orally especially on a daily basis, and act as contraceptives typically preventing ovulation by suppressing secretion of gonadotropins† (Dictionary).There areRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Child Birth850 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage pregnancy and child birth have long been a controversy in the united states. The issue emerged during the 1950’s and early 1960’s when teenage childbearing rates reached a historical peak. In the mid 1960’s birth control was introduces and the teen pregnancy rate dropped by 25 percent however it is still a social issue. Such strife has triggered much political debate. Notably, whether the government should fund programs that encourage abstinence or focus on birth control. Although abstinence wouldRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy Rates940 Words   |  4 Pagespregnant before they leave adolescence.While dramatic declines among Hispanic and black teens (51 percent and 44 percent, respectively) have helped reduce ga ps, birth rates remain twice as high for these teens nationally compared with white teens .It varies all across the U.S. and even county by county, the team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said â€Å"the reasons are sadly familiar: high unemployment rates, parents who have less education, and high poverty levels†. Black and HispanicRead MoreEssay on Emergency Contraception871 Words   |  4 PagesContraception is not a new to society, however it is still igniting many debates just as it did when it was first introduced to the United States. Emergency contraception continues to be a highly emotional and controversial issue, both for advocates who believe EC will lower the number of unintended pregnancies and abortions, and for opponents who believe that using EC amounts to an abortion. The controversy fueling this debate centers around one of the ways that emergency contraception works. EmergencyRead MoreBirth Control Persuasive Essay1446 Words   |  6 P agesIn our culture, girls become women at the average age of 12. The right of passage is bloody underwear and feminine products that never seem to fit right. This means, as children, women are given a heavy responsibility: the ability to create a human life. While straddling childhood and adulthood, we are meant to learn how powerful that responsibility is and how to protect our bodies from experiencing it too early. Yet, in our culture, girls are sent so many different messages on how to accomplish

Leadership Failures And Challenges Of Leadership Development

â€Å"Leaders are not born, they are made.† This quote can be seen at numerous officer training programs throughout the United States armed forces. Reflecting back on my officer training up to present, I can agree with that quote. Early in my training process with ROTC, many of my mentors told me that most of my leadership development would take place when I fail at something. Though I knew their advice held some merit, I did not fully grasp what they meant. Even now, I still am learning from their mentorship. As the topic of leadership development is explored, we will examine leadership failures, successes, and challenges that have played significant roles in my leadership development. One of my most challenging tasks was being appointed the†¦show more content†¦As I progressed through my first semester, it became readily apparent that this style of assignment management was not sustainable. I was sacrificing sleep, friendships, and various other areas with in my per sonal life. However, as I moved into my sophomore year, I was able to develop some person boundaries and better manage my time. I learned to properly prioritize my tasks and homework assignments. Doing this allowed me to sleep more and workout. During my junior year, stress management transformed from a failure to a challenge. Specifically, I challenged myself to plan obligation so effectively that I could pursue hobbies and travel more. I was successful in that endeavor. It was also during this time period where I learned to say â€Å"no.† When classmates would ask for my assistance or my boss would ask me to accept additional responsibility, I would make sure I could sustain my current production levels without being them being drastically impacted. Sometimes, that meant telling people â€Å"no.† While in my senior year, I was finally able to properly find healthy and sustainable ways to manage my stress. A leader needs to be able to take care of themselves in order to carry out the mission and take care of their followers. That being said, individual leadership development is as critical as group leadership development. Another area which I have noticed significant growth in over the past three years concernsShow MoreRelatedLeadership Analysis : Joan Gallos Compiles A Collection Of Authors That Examines The Integral Parts Of Leadership Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesthat examines the integral parts of leadership. Gallos constructed the work to assist leaders with leadership development. The book is divided into five parts that seek to equip leaders with tools and information to enhance a leader’s success. The five-part arrangement consist: Framing the issue, leadership preparation, anticipating challenges, making it happen, and sustaining the leader. Hence, integrating the concepts presented will improve a leader’s development and will increase the effectivenessRead MoreEthics And Public Service1559 Words   |  7 Pagesdile mmas, which can threaten our adherence to our espoused ethical ideologies. Each one of us will encounter situations in life that will challenge our ethics and therefore, one needs to have a self-awareness of our ethics, beliefs and values. It is for reasons such as this that the organizations values must be inculcated all employees especially those in leadership positions. Focusing on the education of leaders in the fundamental competencies of ethics and public service will build the base for aRead MoreDifferent Philosophies And Theories On Effective Leadership And Management1112 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent philosophies and theories on effective leadership and management. Over time, these theories and ideas have been proven either successfully or unsuccessfully. The key component that stands out is the actual person who is in the leadership or management position. This individual needs to produce many characteristics to ensure smooth and effective management. The character of this one entity is what sets the tone for success or failure in the leadership/management position. Decisiveness One of theRead MoreKey Objectives Of Developing Leadership Skills872 Words   |  4 Pages Developmental Leadership Skills One of the main objectives of developing leadership skills is having the ability to identify the strengths and weaknesses that are associated with the type of leadership styles utilized. Personal development for me comes through leadership training programs, developmental activities and self- help activities. Most leadership training programs are designed to increase generic skills and behaviors relevant for managerial effectiveness and advancement (Yukl, 2006; pRead MoreThe Transformational Leadership Approach Based On Command And Control1625 Words   |  7 Pagesstyle of leadership an organization’s leadership uses has a significant effect on the organization. What leaders do and how they do it matters. A transactional leadership approach based on command and control is not effective at addressing the change organizations face. The transformational leadership approach developed in The Leadership Challenge, through the strong and consistent use of the Five Practices of Exemp lary Leadership provides organizations with a proven strategic leadership approachRead MorePersonal Model of Ethical Leadership1303 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Model of Ethical Leadership Personal Model of Ethical Leadership: Ethical leadership is an important aspect that should be practiced by all individuals in leadership positions despite of whether the leadership is intentional or unintentional, or formal or informal. However, practicing ethical leadership is difficult in some cases, especially when there are tough decisions to be made while the appropriate choice is unpleasant though its clear. Notably, ethical leadership is quite important duringRead MoreThe Challenging Task of Leadership in the Nursing Profession1442 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Leadership: Leadership is generally a challenging task across various work settings including the nursing profession. Actually, being a nurse leader is challenging when examining issues and situations that are unique to the healthcare sector. The complexity of leadership in nursing is attributed to the fact that nurse leaders are not only responsible for issues that are specific to their respective department but also mandated with the task of coordinating interactions between departmentsRead MoreTransactional Approach For Transactional Leadership1140 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom a transactional approach; employees perform a job and are rewarded based on how or what they do. Leadership has been hindered by this approach. While transactional leadership has a place within certain organizations, there is definitely a need to broaden organizational leadership approaches to attend to different organizations. My organization led and operated on a strictly transactional basis. Employees were expected t o write tickets and respond to collisions and based on the number of ticketsRead MoreThe Theories And Applications For Different Levels Of Employees973 Words   |  4 Pagesis facing is failure by employees to make good decisions, confront negative news, and make a substantial business case for fast action, and then the HR methods that may have influenced those decisions. The HR procedures should be taken into accounts which include rewards procedures, training procedures, performance management methods, and the hiring system. Objective The chief objective of the research is to identify the trials encountered by the HRD and how to solve those challenges. We will findRead MoreChapter 4 Frank Essay examples661 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Leadership Case Study Name: Institution: Leadership Case Study Case Problem A: Frank Won’t Accept â€Å"We can’t† for an answer Key issues/summary: Frank is a business development manager in a firm charged with the mandate of providing the government with business improvement solutions. The company is currently faced with the challenge of acquiring more contracts from the government considering the expiry of the existing contracts. Frank refuses to accept the loss of contract and the inability

Importance of Relations in B2B

Questions: 1.In promoting their services to the Manchester region Peter and Harvey intend employing a sales force. Discuss why you think that this is a suitable way of promoting the business. In addition, analyse the options available to the brothers with regards to organising the sales force. Which method do you believe is the most appropriate? Justify your answer. 2.Both Peter and Harvey have highlighted the importance of relationships in B2B. Discuss to what extent relationship variables and business networks are likely to be important for SPSL when establishing their new office in Manchester. How can the company maintain these relationships in order to develop customer loyalty? 3.Although SPSL operates in the B2B sector, long-term they may also decide to enter the B2C market. Analyse the likely differences between the B2B and B2C part of the business, along with the advantages and disadvantages for SPSL marketing its service to both businesses and consumers. Answers: Introduction: This report will provide importance of sale force for Saxon Plumbing Services London Ltd (SPSL) regarding to its new office in Manchester. The report will analyze importance of sales people for SPSL and how it is beneficial to hire experience sale force for the company. And also discusses the options available to organize sale force. SPSL has good reputation in market and its relationships and business network will help Manchester office to build their customer base and it will be explained in the report. SPSL specializes in commercial plumbing services for businesses located in South London. And have the client of small and medium sized retailers, manufacturers and insurance companies. The report will identify, analyze and evaluate major difference along with the supply chain between business to business and business to consumer sector. 1. Benefits of hiring sale force: As Peter and Harvey developing their new office in Manchester which is their first step towards organizational development they also need to have good promotional campaign at Manchester. With the help of best promotional campaign they get help to establish root of their business at Manchester. It is also important in the context that the company is going to increase offices in different region. Peter and Harvey intended to use sales force for their promotional activities and here we will see benefit of using sale force over other promotional tools. Sale force is important for every company and also has highest rates of turnover. Due to high turnover rates many companies focus on entry level sales people but for being consultant of SPSL I will suggest to employ experiences employees as sales people. Because entry level sales people are not good fit for your company and they may not produce on similar level as experiences employees can. Employing experiences sale force is considered as solid investment for SPSL that will definitely have measurable return for the Manchester office. Below we will see benefit of employing sale force for promoting services and how it is the suitable way of promoting business. Faster on boarding: Due to hiring a competent sale team it can increase awareness of SPSL brand in Manchester in short time period. A competent and experiences sales team can heighten loyalty of company and help to increase revenue of the company (Anderson, James and Narus, James, 2004). It is the responsibility of sale team to create excitement around the products and services their company sells. But it is advisable to hire experiences sales people to reduce worry of sales training process. Where new recruiters need to be trained on everything experienced one only needs to be trained on companys system (Dwyer, Robert, Tanner, John, 2006). It will Saves Companys time spend on training and also streamline the resources spend of recruiting process. Confidence Counts: In addition to generating income the sales force builds trust with customers. Customers being engaged by sales representatives at all stage of relationship, which may not be possible by other promotional tools like media advertising and so on (Greco and John, 2005). Sales executive well known that new customers need interaction and opportunities to learn about the brand. In order to gain trust of current customers consistent follow-up and communication with the sales representative is significant. Previous customers of the company also have to re-engage through promotions, discounts, and communications. Building trust throughout the customer sales cycle increases customer satisfaction. Higher success rates: If company need to minimize the rate of turnover and also want to keep people selling, it is require to have a fully qualified sales team working for company. It really not needed to worry about the close rates with your sales team. The recipe for success is actually quite simple. Experience counts particularly in sales. If a company has efficient sales people the company can overcome objections without being rejected (Hutt, Michael, Speh, Thomas, 2004). The objections sales people think difficult to overcome are when customers refuse the product by saying they cannot afford it or by stating that they want to think before purchasing. With the use of social media company can easily connect to its customers and can promote their sales campaigns and customer can gain information about the company on single click (Morris, Michael, Pitt, Leyland and Honeycutt, Dwight, 2001). Due to the modern technologies market is become more global and accessible from every place and hence it increases competition. SPSL uses B2B marketing currently where competition is influenced through market structure at national level. In B2B marketing there is difference between monopolies in single region of a country and competing on national platform (Kotler, 2010). It simply implies that SPSL can have monopoly in the South London area but other competitors are representing in the European market. In B2C market competition is tougher than B2B because competition is more directed towards the consumer (Reid, David and Plank, Richard, 2004). While marketing services to businesses SPSL have to build its contacts stronger than its competitor. 2. Develop Customer Loyalty: In business marketing organization require to facilitate sales of their product and increase use of services through the people. It is well known that commercial market of plumbing is highly competitive and is also experiencing significant growth (Needham, Dave, 1996). The market is fragmented and is also made up of large number of small and medium sized enterprise having in different services and generally poor reputation. SPSL located in South London region have competition with the local services provider as well as with the companies having national networks. However, SPSL prides itself on its ability to compete with other firms through its excellent customer service and fast emergency response. But in the competitive environment as SPSL started its new office in Manchester it needed to achieve customer loyalty. As we discussed above that the sales force are effective to gain customer base but it is also important to achieve customer loyalty which would be possible only by provid ing best services (Leslie Line 2011). Promotional campaign is also important in this sense because advertisement and strong promotional campaign have strong impact on customer base. The way to strengthen customer loyalty is improving service facility and providing more and more sophisticated services. With the help of best promotional campaign they get help to establish root of their business at Manchester. It is also important in the context that the company is going to increase offices in different region. Peter and Harvey intended to use different ideas for their promotional activities and here we will see benefit of using sale force over other promotional tools. Customer loyalty is important for every company and also has highest rates of turnover. Due to high turnover rates many companies focus on entry level sales people but for being consultant of SPSL I will suggest to employ experiences employees as sales people to gain customer loyalty and retain customers. Now will talk about the procedure usually followed is customer call for plumbing service and operator gets all the information from customer. After that the operators checks plumbers schedule and in form customer the name of plumber coming to provide the service. In Manchester office SPSL has to provide new facilities to its customer like operator have to refer customer to the website where he can check complete information of that plumber along with his picture. Through reading the information about the plumber customer ensures the plumbers background and feels comfortable to assign the plumbing work of their home. 3. B2B versus B2C marketing This part of the report will highlight and analyze most significant difference between B2B and B2C marketing in the context of providing SPSL which require expanding its business under B2C. The obvious difference between B2B and B2C part of business is regarding to its promotions and advertising of SPSLs products and the buying decision of its customers. Business buyers of SPSL purchase their services for use in their companies and hence for them factors of interest are quality of product, its price and other economic aspects. Consumers buy the product and services for their personal use. SPSL has wide range of commercial organization industrial companies and large insurance companies as its client base. SPSL have visions of entering in the B2C sector. Unpremeditated purchasing is the characteristic of B2C markets in contras B2B are more planned and controlled. Marketing Mix: The major difference between B2B and B2C marketing has been commenced at this point along the supply chain with the marketing mix. Goal of the marketing mix is to get success on market concerned and it combine marketing approaches (Lancaster, Geoff; Massingham, Lester; Ashford, Ruth, 2001). The classification of approaches is popularized in four groups which are the four Ps and that are given below: Product It is most significant element of four Ps and makes good service and idea offered by SPSL. Under the context of B2C marketing the packaging, the styling of plumbing product, services provided by SPSL like repair, maintenance are significantly important. The B2C marketing is mostly talked when SPSL will leave the manufacturer and are on their way to the wholesaler. It requires that wholesaler should know whether the plumbing product and services provided by SPSL will find subsequently good outlet disposal to retailer or not. In that context characteristics got extreme importance are packaging and external look. On the other hand B2B marketing it is essential to have sufficient raw material stock and consistent quality. It is also significant for guaranteeing the reliability of final product that is product should be prefabricated along with the supply chain (Dibb, Sally; Simkin, Lyndon; Pride, William, 2005). Price: In the B2C business where SPSL want to enter every consumers buying the product have to pay the same price, where currently in B2B business which SPSL operating price may vary as per the customer. Because in B2B customers placing large orders or the customers negotiated with different term have to pay different price than other customers. In B2C business transaction, after selecting products they will instantly pay for their purchased items through different payment mechanism. B2B has complex business mechanism. Order has been placed and then delivery is arranged through agreed logistic channel. Customer get invoice which is settled in payment term. In B2C markets personal problems like being emotional and rational will occur (Higgins, Robert, 1977). But in B2B business process such problems tend to be more organizational and also rational way. SPSL is B2B organization and hence direct marketing is primarily of interest for distribution. Direct marketing indicates that product is available to customer through producer distribution. B2C organizations execute indirect marketing, which indicates that distribution is carried out through an intermediary. In B2C business product price increases and influences the supply chain by raising products value. Place: Place is associated with the distribution, SPSL is located in South London and will target the large number of client within the South London area through B2B marketing. Marketing mix incorporate two components and those are channel management and logistics management. Channel management operated through the process of operating through the contractual organization and setting up and that include various intermediate like wholesalers, agents, retailers etc. On the other hand logistic management provide products at fixed times and places. Along with the supply chain intermediates also exist and they want payment of their work. This includes suppliers and sub suppliers of raw materials. The raw materials are use for production of SPSLs products. As per the complexity of task and quantity intermediary margin grows. Promotion: For interacting with customers, middlemen and overall population SPSL uses various promotional. Key instrument of promotion is advertising through different media, sales promotion and personal selling. Currently the promotional tools SPSL using are through internet advertising by its website, advertising in local newspaper and significant promotion is word of mouth publicity. Up to now SPSL is working in B2B market but as it want to expand in B2C markets, it should be noted that advertising in B2B and B2C have difference due to larger or smaller markets. In order to increase sale and attract new customer sales promotion is best for both B2B and B2C markets (Bornsen, Korner, Florian, 2011). In B2C market SPSL can use sales promotion as pull promotion campaign. Concerning SPSL in B2C marketing the sales promotion would be performed is more content for the same price. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages for SPSL marketing its services to businesses and Consumer: Advantages: New target customer and market: For well known stages of SPSL life cycle, such as company owners developing new office of company in Manchester and this step is considered as way of significant organizational development. Currently the company has well image and reputation in the south London region. Hence its step of marketing services to business and consumers tends SPSL towards change. New technologies are used through B2B marketing which enables SPSL to increase its customer base and customer can use companys services from most of the regions. It will also impose pressure on buyers that they want to buy the product and services from SPSL due to its good reputation which increase the competitive advantage of buyer and SPSL too. It is important that suppliers have to be evaluated and benchmarked on continuous basis. Some companies evaluate a potential supplier for first few years before starting cooperation with them (Fonseka, Mohan; Tian, Gaoloang, 2011). In terms of B2C marketing, whole supply chain of SPSL wou ld be influenced due to the buying decision of consumer. Can get new target group which increase additional revenue: With the help of using marketing to business i.e. B2B sector SPSL can increase their contact. They can build contact to new target group which enable SPSL to pursue new opportunities of sales. The customers are get attracted by using B2B shop which having public catalog and hence more visitors also attracted with the help of search engines applied in online store. Revenues of SPSL would be expanded and obtained further with the help of advanced cross-selling and up-selling of related or additionally useful services and products. Long term customer loyalty: It is also assumed that customers in B2B services are more loyal than B2C services. Customers at B2B sector have commitment with the company; those customers are committed as supplier by contracts and agreements. This means in marketing to Business Company utilizes lower acquisition costs and can retain the long lasting customer relations. This loyalty and relationship with customer can be long lasted by offering customer oriented services and products. Disadvantages: Competition: Competition is considered as disadvantage for SPSL which is marketing its services in South London region to businesses running there and customers. Today every business faces tough competition from their rivals and same apply for the SPSL. Though SPSL running good business in its region and having good word of mouth publicity and loyal customer base, but it not going to be applied to its new office in Manchester. Due to the modern technologies market is become more global and accessible from every place and hence it increases competition. SPSL uses B2B marketing currently where competition is influenced through market structure at national level. In B2B marketing there is difference between monopolies in single region of a country and competing on national platform. It simply implies that SPSL can have monopoly in the South London area but other competitors are representing in the European market. In B2C market competition is tougher than B2B because competition is more directed tow ards the consumer. While marketing services to businesses SPSL have to build its contacts stronger than its competitor. The middlemen working with SPSL judge the company on various parameters like qualification of plumber, service providing time, availability of services on time and on demand, response at emergency and so on. For marketing to customer SPSL have to be more careful, they have to research the markets and create competitive advantage over its competitor. Long purchase decision time: In marketing to consumers the decision about purchasing have been taken by one or probably two decision makers and time required to confirm the purchase decision is less. In terms of B2B marketing set of factors are complicated as it involves multiple stakeholders in decision making process. The decision time for purchasing may be long for months. While marketing with businesses the sellers cannot depend on fast turnaround with new client. Conclusion: SPSL need to gain competitive advantage on its competitors because not only regional but also companies providing national services are competitors of SPSL. It is good step for SPSL that it opened new office in Manchester for its organizational development. The report provides how the company can use B2B and B2C marketing more effectively to perform well in its targeted market. Also it highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of using these marketing tools. Customer loyalty is key part of any business to become successful and hence report suggesting way to achieve customer loyalty. It also talks about how sale force will help new office at Manchester to attract customer and increase sales. It is beneficial to recruit experienced sales people than inexperienced one because they will increase the companys performance in short time period. The market is fragmented and is also made up of large number of small and medium sized enterprise having in different services and generally poor reputation. SPSL located in South London region have competition with the local services provider as well as with the companies having national networks. However, SPSL prides itself on its ability to compete with other firms through its excellent customer service and fast emergency response. Reference List: Anderson, James C., and Narus, James A. (2004)Business Market Management: Understanding, Creating, and Delivering Value, 2nd Edition, 2004,Pearson Education, Inc. Business Marketing Association (2003) "Marketing Reality Survey" Dwyer, F. Robert, Tanner, John F. (2006)Business Marketing: Connecting Strategy, Relationships, and Learning, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin Greco, John A. Jr., (2005) "Past indicates promising future for b-to-b direct;BtoB magazine, June 13, 2005 Hutt, Michael D., Speh, Thomas W. (2004)Business Marketing Management: A Strategic View of Industrial and Organizational Markets, 8th Edition, Thomson/South-Western Morris, Michael H., Pitt, Leyland F., and Honeycutt, Earl Dwight (2001)Business-to-Business Marketing: A Strategic Approach, Sage Publications Inc. Reid, David A., and Plank, Richard E. (2004)Fundamentals of Business Marketing Research, Best Business Books, an Imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc. Philip kotler(2010), Marketing Management, Dorling Kindersley (India), 3rd edition, p185 Needham, Dave (1996). Business for Higher Awards. Oxford, England: Heinemann Leslie Line (2011), The 4P Marketing Strategy - How to Choose the Right Products [Online] February 22, 2011.Availablefrom:https://ezinearticles.com/?The-4PMarketing-Strategy---How-to-Choose-the-RightProductsid=5977467 [Accessed date: 19 March, 2013] Siddharth Philip(2012) Tata to Buy Chinese Auto Parts at Unbelievable Prices[Online] July 09, 2012.Available from:https://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-07- 09/tata-to-buy-chinese-auto-parts-at-unbelievableprices U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing," inOccupational Outlook Handbook, 20042005 ed., Bulletin 2540 (Washington, DC: GPO, 2004). John C. Zimmer is president of Global Medical Alliance LLC (Middleton WI), a networking consultant firm that aligns medical device manufacturers with independent sales representatives. Lancaster, Geoff; Massingham, Lester; Ashford, Ruth (2001): Essentials of Marketing: Text and Cases, Mcgraw-Hill Higher Education, p. 535 Dibb, Sally; Simkin, Lyndon; Pride, William (2005): Marketing.Concepts and Strategies, 5th edition, Houghton Mifflin, p. 676 Higgins, Robert (1977): How much growth can a firm afford, Financial Management 6 (3) p. 7-16 Bornsen, Arne; Korner, Florian (2011): Optimal Growth, Conceptualization of a strategy to benefit from Optimal Growth, Mannheim Business School Fonseka, Mohan; Tian, Gaoloang (2011): The most appropriate Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) Model for Managers and Researchers, American Accounting Association

Television free essay sample

You are the chief editor of a large metropolitan daily newspaper. One of your reporters is caught fabricating sources and making up facts. How do you handle the situation, from disciplining the reporter to explaining it to your readers? † I would have to say that I would handle the situation by firing the person who was involved with the fabrication of sources and facts. I would fire the person because I feel that the integrity of that persons work would always be in question as well as the newspaper would be questioned as to having reliable reporters so long as that person kept his or her job. How I would break the information to the public would be by making the story a front page leading story to be able to show everyone that we are not hiding behind a questionable reporter and that we are acknowledging the problem, had a solution for the problem, and will address the problem publically. We will write a custom essay sample on Television or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that a newspaper or news source needs to be honest and not have its integrity questioned. If someone is caught outright lying I know I would never trust that person or newspaper so long as that person is still associated with it. I know it sounds drastic but I believe that honesty and reliability are some of the core responsibilities of a newspaper and thus if anyone works there that has questionable traits or is caught outright lying that paper will never be able to come back from that negative image so long as that person is writing for the paper or is involved with the paper at all. Integrity is a core component for writing factual evidence, and outright lying brings into question what the motivations are for the reporter, and not only that, everything that the reporter has written previously will be questioned because if the person has lied for one report what reassurance do the people have for the fact that the reporter has not lied before? I feel that acknowledging the problem by making it a cover story for the paper is the only way to honorably report on the situation. By making it a cover story it gives the readers the reassurance that the paper is aware of the problem, and is taking the proper means to solve the problem. It also gives the readers the knowledge that the newspaper did not support or condone that reporter’s actions and that the newspaper feels that integrity, honesty, and credible reporting is the importance and does not have ulterior motives. It is best to make it front page news because I feel that once it becomes public knowledge the other news sources will cover the story and try to use it to boost ratings or sales of their own papers, so trying to hide from the fact that it happened would not be effective nor would it inspire confidence from the readers about your paper. As I have said before I cannot stress enough how important honesty and integrity are for a newspaper. Considering how many different sources are available to acquire news having a person on staff that has been caught cheating and lying will pretty much destroy a newspaper. Does firing the person seem a bit drastic? I’d have to say yes it does seem drastic, but given the alternatives of keeping the person on staff and having anything that person writes be in question or edits in question is just not worth the loss of readers and money. Firing the reporter in this case will show the public that you will rectify a situation that calls into question the papers integrity, as well as use that reporter as an example to the other reporters that they will lose their job should they ever use false information in their reporting. It promotes honesty with your reporters and gives the public a better feeling towards your paper. I feel it is a win-win situation for everyone except the reporter who got caught lying. Part 2. Explain the effect of relationships among television, movies, and electronic games with culture. The effect of relationships among television, movies, and electronic games with culture is that those things basically define culture. What I mean is that just about every aspect of our lives now has some sort of interaction with one of those things. We now have DVR’s to record shows that we miss at work, movies make millions if not hundreds of millions of dollars, and gaming has become a mainstay in just about everyone’s house. Since life revolves around communication or interactivity between people, television shows, movies and games all promote interactivity in their own way. Culture in a rudimentary way is defined by what we watch, what we play, and what we listen to, so it is quite easy to see what the relationships are for entertainment and culture. Television shows are one of the prime ways for entertainment to interact with popular culture. With the DVR being invented, Television is even more involved with popular culture because you can easily record any program you want and never have to worry about what time a show may come on at because you can watch it when you want to as opposed to when the show is originally broadcasted. You have shows like Hoarders and Intervention which shows people with problems and their struggles with overcoming those problems. You also have shows like Ellen, Dr. Oz, and previously Oprah which are talk shows that talks about celebrities, real world problems, or health related issues as well. You also have shows like American Idol, So You Think You Can Dance, and The X Factor which gives people the ability to become a television star (from just being on the show) or become a world famous singer or entertainment act, and all of these shows come with the fact that they have millions upon millions of weekly viewers. Magazines and newspapers talk about these shows, and not only that, other shows talk about these shows as well. To say that television is not a part of popular culture is equivalent to saying you do not need air to breathe. Movies are much in the same vein as Television. It is a medium that has become part of culture based off the fact that it has such a big audience, financial gain, and popularity among people. You have movies that are bringing back old games, toys and comics, with movies like Transformers, Xmen, Spiderman, The Avengers, Iron Man, Thor, GI Joes, Batman, etc. Movies are a way for new technological advancements to be brought to the public’s eye in the forms of computer animation, 3d animation and other special effects and makeup or robotic controls. Gaming now has become a lifeblood or popular culture. You have games designed for every age group from the youngest of children with educational games to games that even the oldest generation can play like games on Facebook. You have games for people who consider themselves â€Å"hard core† gamers and even have professional gaming as a way to make a living. Games like World of Warcraft have millions of subscribers who pay a monthly fee to be able to play a game online with millions of other people. Games also promote controversy over aspects of violence, sex, nudity and a sense of appropriateness for popular culture. Games like Grand Theft Auto and Manhunt are prime examples of games that promote controversy just due to the content of those games and even more so with the fact that they have been banned in countries, or have been blamed or acts of violence. Gaming has came from a sort of taboo entertainment medium that only â€Å"geeks or nerds† play to a more socially acceptable medium due to games like the ones you find on Facebook and other causal games such as the games you can find on consoles like the Nintendo DS, Sony PSP, and Nintendo Wii, and surprisingly enough you can even find games that promote being healthy by playing games such as Wii Sports, or fitness games. You can even play a game to help learn how to play certain musical instruments with games like Rockband or Guitar Hero, which allows you to play with a game controller that is designed like an instrument which will help you develop the fundamental finger and hand control to play certain instruments.

Term Papers Medieval Knights

Term Papers Medieval Knights Term Papers Medieval Knights Term Papers Medieval Knights Writing a term paper about medieval knights is an interesting assignment. It is hardly possible to find a male student who has not been fascinated with the knights in the childhood! Down this page is a short term paper sample on knighthood. If you need more sample term papers, please check our free blog. employs a team of professional writers who are available to help you with term paper writing if you are looking for the custom term paper assistance. Our prices are affordable, our writers are educated, and our guarantees are outstanding! Term Paper Sample on Medieval Knights Knighthood was one of the most significant institutions of the Middle Ages. In the twelfth century, John of Salisbury declared emphatically that knighthood was divinely instituted; Caxton later maintained that knighthood was the earliest device of God to ensure the recovery of mankind from the consequences of the Fall. Ideally, knighthood became a way of life with formal traditions, a definite education, and a world view of its own. The Bible itself was regarded as a source of knightly virtue. Stories, like those of Abraham, of Jonas and the Whale, of Daniel and the Lion, were popular because they appealed to the romantic imagination of the aristocracy. Just as the monks made a recluse out of Joseph, so did the knights fashion Joshua into a chevalier. Mary with her unblemished virtues and her merciful ways was appealed to for protection. One might pray also to the saints, particularly to St. Michael, the personal antagonist of Satan, to St. James, St. George, and St. Martin, who had been selected as heavenly paragons of aristocratic virtues. Chivalric education consequently was imbued with a religious tincture. From baptism to death in battle, the knight came in contact with religious ideals, not for the purpose of acquiring scholastic education, but to ensure religion's protection against evil powers. Early education of medieval knights began in the home. His mother, or the local priest, taught the young boy simple prayers as well as obedience to his elders. When the boy was seven years old, he usually was sent to the castle of a secular lord or to the palace of a prominent churchman. This second stage in education, though it varied from country to country and depended upon individual choice, seemed to have been quite common. As a page the boy shared duties with other members of the household. His task consisted of attending the lord and his lady; from the latter he was able to learn the rudiments of etiquette and receive instruction in knightly behavior. Sometimes he even procured some elementary lessons in the Seven Liberal Arts, but this part of his education was generally overlooked. Most of the time there were wandering singers from whom the page might learn how to sing and play the harp. A more prominent part of his training consisted of outdoor activities such as boxing, wr estling, and horseback riding.

Strategic Training Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Training Paper - Essay Example Human resource management is also instrumental in determining and utilizing the strategic position of organizations in a competitive environment. Google Inc. is one such organization that uses human resource development as part of its competitive strategy. Its co-founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, put every effort to design Googleplex (headquarters complex of Google) as a lively and fun place to work. From a small web firm, Google Inc. has emerged as a dominant industry giant over the past 12 years. Google’s set of available resources and capabilities enables it to build a strategy focused on company’s internal environment rather than following the market trends. According to Robert Grant, â€Å"When the external environment is in a state of flux, the firm itself, in terms of its bundle of resources and capabilities, may be a much more stable basis on which to define its identity†. The firm values its employees with a number of benefits, performance rewards an d is also considering wide expansion to its current human resource. A highly qualified and unique workforce is one of the prime resources of Google Inc. Organizations often tend to systematically evaluate potential employees in terms of setting up future performance targets at the time of hiring. Human resource development plays an important role in achieving cost effective and performance based targets. Rastogi (2000) noted that human capital is an important input for organizations especially for employees’ continuous improvement mainly on knowledge, skills and abilities. Successful integration of business and workforce concerns is the strategic ability distinguishing the organizations from each other. Google as an organization has been able to acquire this ability to a greater extent and thus enjoys a firm competitive advantage. In order to utilize human resources to formulate effective competitive strategy, organizations should improve their ability to recruit, develop and retain employees. Reich (1998) has described human resource development as, "to attract and keep talented people, companies today are not just experimenting with how they approach the competitive marketplace of goods and services; they are also experimenting with how they approach the competitive marketplace of talent†. An organization requires its employees' competence in achieving the present as well as future performance goals. As a company, Google is fully aware of the fact that employees’ commitment and devotion are the keys in developing a long-term competitive strategy. So, Google has its own unique way to encourage and value employed workforce in order to motivate their commitment towards innovative pursuits. For instance, an engineer at Google, Peter Norvig says that few years back the average search took about 3 seconds. Now, it requires around 0.2 seconds, but still it's not fast enough compared to zero second. Despite facing growing criticism over its disti nctive human resource recruitment methodology, the company has managed to maintain its competitive edge. The company's success among other technology giants is undoubtedly due to loyalty and strong commitment of its employees. Google offers a highest remuneration package and other thoughtful set of factors in return to their valuable services. For an organization to implement strategy effectively, it must consider human resource development as key strategic partner. Human resource policies and practices determine the goals and

Principles of Learning to Play the Piano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of Learning to Play the Piano - Essay Example When learning to play the piano, the first thing that is important is to find the right teacher, someone who is calm, patient and willing to help one understand the importance of practice and form. When playing the piano for the first time it is common to make many mistakes and feel as though one is not capable enough or adequate for this activity. Playing the piano can be complex and that is why it is important to find a teacher who is willing to help and has the patience to guide the student through the process of playing the piano. What is also important is that a teacher will be able to show the student how not to learn to play with bad habits. Once these habits become common-place they are difficult to break, this is why it is essential that my teacher showed how to play the piano corrected for the first time. From then on I was playing properly and playing this lovely instrument with ease. I felt confident knowing that I have selected the appropriate instructor and looked forwa rd to learning more. After finding the proper instructor, the next step in learning how to play the piano involves practice and lots of it. Yes, as they say, practice makes perfect and this is very true when it comes to playing the piano. The more one practices the better he or she will become and regular practice is essential when playing the piano. Step by step people will slowly improve and become memorization is so important when playing the piano, it is very important that practice is regular and consistent.  

TV Effects on Children Essay Example for Free

TV Effects on Children Essay When researching on the effects of television towards Americans, I found quite a few published studies, articles and books that were helpful in educating me on this epidemic. The average child will spend 1,500 hours a year watching television and in those 1,500 hours they will view an average of 200,000 acts of violence by the time they graduated high school (Norman Herr, Ph.D.). By the time a person turns 18 years old they will have watched 3 years worth of television. Television has been seen to have many effects on people such as alcohol use, violence, health issues, lower moral and lack of intelligence. My goal in this paper is to show how the effects of televisions have caused a life threating epidemic in today’s generation of Americans. To achieve this goal I have organized my paper into three sections. In the first section I will discuss how the effects of too much television can be detrimental to ones health. In the second section I will reflect on the cause and effect of behavior in today’s generations of children due to the amounts of television time. Lastly, I will conclude on how television has effected and changed the overall intelligence and morality of everyday American’s. see more:essay on influence of television on students Television has carried out a great deal of impact on health over the last decade. The many appealing topics and one-sided advertisements airing daily across American’s television are luring more and more children and adults to the limitation of their living room couch. In result inactivity, health issues and obesity are a much seen statistic of this decision. â€Å"The American Medical Association, researchers combined data from eight such studies and found that for every additional two hours people spend glued to the tube on a typical day, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases by 20% and their risk of heart disease increases by 15%.† In addition people who were more likely to spend three hours or more a day in front of the TV, their risk of dying at a younger age jumped 13%, on average. Hours spent watching TV causes the amount of time you are unable to spend on physical activities. Lack of these activities can lead to lack of blood flow and circulation, muscle development and or lower metabolism rates. If a person were to take just half of the leisure time they spent on watching TV and replaced it with physical activities they would see a great deal of change in their health. A large amount of studies have been administrated on the effects of behavior and violence on adults and young viewers. On a child’s behavior according to the AAP, Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. A child is more receptive of what they see on television rather than adults because they are more likely to mimic those actions. An adult simply has the ability to change the channel or turn the TV off. As well the mindset of an adult is far beyond a child, most know what right from wrong, and what a wise judgment is. But for a child who has been subjected to a violent program, they are more likely to act out with an aggressive behavior. The negative influence of television is causing children to absorb and retaliate what they see on a daily basis, which in part causes that same child to believe that behaving badly is justified and/or appropriate. This in the long run can cause a child to become more violent, use drugs, drink alcohol, and become more sexually active. Television in today generation has had terrible impact on emotional and intellectual wellbeing. According to reports from International Child and Youth Care Network, â€Å"the more time you spend passively watching television and receiving sensory input in a relaxed, passive and semi-hypnotic state, the more your brain will be trained to receive information that way.† It’s hard to be able to quantify the exact amount of damage and effect that this has had on today’s generation of children, but you can defiantly see the lack of creativeness and imagination in one’s mind set. Once a brain is trained to receive and respond information this way, it is then harder for a child to be inattentive in a class. A child’s attention span becomes at an all-time low and then fails them to be able to socially and emotionally be able to involve themselves with other on a personal level. Other effects have also been said to be linked such as ADHD, but no studied have directly proven television go hand in hand. â€Å"The quick pace of television shows actually rewires the brain to accept information only in short chunks, thus reducing an individuals attention span.† Finally, touching basis on morality and its influence on today’s television, it can play out in a moral way just as much as an immoral way. There are networks out there that chose to create shows on television that can still convey moral messages such as the importance of honesty, kindness, and fairness. For example some of these shows are The Cosby Show, Dora the Explorer, Sesame Street, 7th Heaven and Mister Rogers Neighborhood, but sadly to say a majority of today generation do not partake in these show any longer. Today’s children and teens prefer to partake in those shows that chose to create an immoral conveyed message that shows you drugs, violence, excessive drinking, and sexual content amongst many other negative things. The world today has become a reality TV generation and the shows only continue to get worse as the years go on. I have attempted to provide solutions for problems that exist within the realm of television viewing. The solutions lie at the heart of the viewer. It is up to them to decide what they will watch, how often they will watch, and why they will watch. Television viewers must have reasonable judgment when it comes down to their viewing habits, or else they will become a hostage of their set. Television does not act alone, but must comply with broadcasting rules, time limits, and especially advertisers that buy air time. Once TV reaches the viewer, the viewer must be aware that they are responsible for the effect that they allow television to have on them, and how they relay these effects into their personal lives. Sure, not everything on the air is one big bed of roses as I’ve pointed out, but the majority of programming affects viewers in a positive way if they permit it to. Broadcasters can shove almost anything they want through the airwaves, but the viewer must be intelligent enough to decide what programming is beneficial to himself, his family, and his children. Work Cited Herr, Norman, PhD. Television Health. Www.csun.edu. N.p., Feb. 2006. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . Gardner, Amanda. TV Watching Raises Risk of Health Problems, Dying Young. CNN. Cable News Network, 14 June 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . TV Linked to Aggressive Behavior in Children | Psych Central News. PsychCentral.com. Ed. Rick Nauert, PhD. Psych Central, 03 Nov. 2009. Web. 24 Nov. 2012. . Boyse, Kyla, RN. University of Michigan Health System. Television (TV) and Children: Your Child:. University of Michigan Health System, Aug. 2010. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Langholt, Alice. Negative Health Effects of Television. Life123. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . TVs Effects on the Developing Brain. TVs Effects on the Developing Brain. INTERNATIONAL CHILD AND YOUTH CARE NETWORK, 7 Sept. 2001. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . The Tube Attack. Song of the Sirens. N.p., 27 June 2010. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . Davies, Taryn. The Effects of Childhood Obesity. The Effects of Childhood Obesity. N.p., 06 July 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. .

Essay --

A very common nutritional disease is anemia. Anemia is a condition that can develop when a person’s body lacks healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the way red blood cells receive oxygen. Four percent of the children in the United States between three and five years old are anemic. Anemia can run in families and it can be passed down through generations and it can affect your whole life. On a positive note anemia can be treated and those with this nutritional disease can live regular lives. Cause of Anemia Anemia has three main causes. The most common cause of anemia is blood loss. Anemic women usually lose a large amount of blood with heavy menstrual cycles. When blood is coming from the digestive or urinary tract blood can also be lost. Surgeries and caner also can cause blood loss. If a large amount of blood is lost the body may lose a lot of red blood cells causing anemia. Another cause is when red blood cells can’t be produced. You can inherit having a small amount of red blood cells, meaning your parents passed the disease to you. Or having few red blood cells can be acquired, which means you weren’t born with the disease. You can acquire anemia by having a poor diet, having off balance hormone levels, having an ongoing diseases, or pregnancy. Lastly if a person has a red blood cell destruction can cause anemia. If too many red blood cells are destroyed you are still losing red bloods cells. This can happen if someone has an enlarged or diseased spleen. The spleen removes old red blood cells out of the body. If the spleen is enlarged or diseased, it could remove more red blood cells than necessary which would lead to having anemia. Also if too many red blood cells are destroyed that can lead to sickle cell ... ...ies which will decrease their amount of physical activity Conclusion Anemia is a condition that can develop in anyone of any age. It can range from being minor or warning signs of something more serious. When a person lacks enough healthy red blood cells anemia can occur. Anemia can be treated with medication and changes in one’s diet. References Nordqvist, C. (2009). What Is Anemia? What Causes Anemia? .MedicalNewsToday.com. Retrieved December 14, 2013, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ 158800.php Edmundson, A. (2013, May 13). Understanding Anemia - the Basics. WebMD.com. Retrieved December14, 2013, from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia basics (N.A.). (2012, May 18). What Causes Anemia?. nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved December14, 2013, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/anemia/causes.html

Compare and Contrast Essay Between Beowulf and the Hobbit

I just this day finished reading A COMPANION TO BEOWULF by my friend and classmate Ruth Johnson. It was remarkably clear, well written, concise, and chock full of fascinating insights and observations. Let me in particular remark on her last chapter, which concerned Tolkien and Beowulf. I had not heretofore been aware of how large a figure JRR Tolkien loomed in the scholarship of the epic poem BEOWULF, nor what a great influence his seminal essay The Monster and the Critics, had in turning the attention of the academic world from the historical to the literary merits of the poem.Ruth Johnson makes the argument that Lord of the Rings is an updated version of BEOWULF. No, not the events, but the world, the worldview, the motif, the techniques, and especially the approach toward religion. It is to be noted that many critics faulted Tolkien for not including anywhere in Middle Earth any description or hint of rituals, rites, temples and cults with adorn the vivid backdrops of other works of fantasy.Except for a few indirect hints that there is a High God somewhere, and angelic powers the elves revere, Lord of the Rings is perhaps unique among fantasies in that there is no mention of the religious side of society or the spiritual side of man. But, of course, Tolkien is not unique: he is following BEOWULF. The poet of BEOWULF (so Tolkien interpreted the evidence) wished to depict his pre-Christian ancestors in the admirable light men are right to have for their ancestors, but without attributing to them a Christian faith they could not have had.In these modern times, when Christian and Postchristian struggle for the souls of men, and the popular picture of the Christian is of a book-burner rather than the preserver of pagan literature, it is often hard to recall the respect with which the Christian imagination held their pagan fore-bearers and preserved their works. One need only open any random page of Dante or Milton, for example, to see the thickly clustered refer ences to pagan myths reflected with considerably more reverence than more modern and sarcastic depictions of the gods of old.As with Roman Christian and the classical pagans, so with Old English and his Norse fathers, at least in this case. The way the poet of BEOWULF handled the delicate matter of showing the old days and the old ways as noble but, deprived of Christ, doomed, was to pass over the differences in a pregnant silence, and yet emphasizing those cardinal virtues that pagans and Christian alike admire, particularly fortitude and honor. So too here did Tolkien with his Middle Earth and their peoples: the foremost virtue emphasized again and again in Tolkien was the Beowulfian virtue of continuing a fight even after all hope is exhausted.The melancholy pronouncements of gloom and doom are scattered throughout the War of the Ring, yet also match the elegiac quality of Beowulf’s last battle against the dragon of the barrow, and much of the tone in side tales mentioned in Beowulf. The Beowulfian attitude toward fate or ‘Wyrd’ seems a blend of the pagan notion of inescapable fate woven by the Three Sisters, or the Christian notion of fate as the decree and will of God. A similar attitude might be detected in Middle Earth.Frodo nowhere lauds the fact that it is his free choice to carry the burden of the cursed One Ring, as, for example, Neo from THE MATRIX does in the climax of that trilogy. Instead, the wise Gandalf tells Frodo that Bilbo was â€Å"meant† to find the Ring, as if by some divine will above and beyond the will of any creature in Middle Earth, even Sauron the Dark Lord. Meant by whom? As in Beowulf, it is not said, but the silence implies something like ‘Wyrd’ or the will of heavenly powers.Tolkien borrowed so much from Beowulf and the Old English, that the description of Medusheld (Mead-Hall) in Rohan might be taken as the twin of Hereot. Unferth, who sits at the feet of Hrothgar and scorns Beowulf at his first appearing in the great hall, is somewhat parallel to Grima, who sits likewise and scorns Gandalf as a storm-crow and a meddler in others’ affairs. Many readers (include myself) have called Lord of the Rings a ‘medieval’ fantasy, but this is a gross misnomer. There is not a single Arthurian figure in Middle Earth, nor any such armor or arms or equipment as might a knight of the High Middle Ages have used.The men are in hauberks and iron caps, as in Beowulf, usually carrying spears. The fantasy is Old English in setting, Danish and Beowulfian, England of the time of Alfred the Great; but also the scenes in Gondor might be imagined as if some northern hero visited the great and ancient cities, cities builded of stone and gold, of Rome or great and once-invulnerable Constantinople. The Shire itself is redolent of a high medieval period, some idealized squirearchy, but Rohan is entirely in the mood and atmosphere of Beowulf.In Beowulf, the elves or ‘yl fas’ are listed along with ‘ettins’ and ‘orcs’ (elves, giants, demons) as being descendents of Cain, exiled by God for his kin-slaying (a crime the Norse held in particular horror) and therefore, even as lesser clans must feud and retaliate endlessly, so the Sons of Cain with the race of moral men, descended of Seth and Noah. While the orcs and other monsters in Tolkien are creatures innately evil, no more to be reasoned with nor spared than Grendel, the elves are not quite the Liosalfar of Norse myth, albeit they are more akin to this than to the diminutive sprites of MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM.In olden times, northern people found stone arrowheads, or saw evidence of heart attacks or madness that seemed without cause, and blamed the unseen people, the elves, who were not necessarily cruel and wicked, but they had no concern for the things of men, and went their ways invisibly. Something of this mood is present in Tolkien’s elves, albeit he makes them both more manlike, and something like a prelapsarian man still at one with nature, to suit his purposes. The dwarves of Tolkien, on the other hand, could have stepped out of central casting from a Wagner Opera, and the names are taken unchanged from the Eddas.It may be useful for a moment to contrast the free peoples of Middle Earth with the other fantasies from Tolkien’s generation and before, in order to emphasize a point easy to be lost in our modern Dungeons and Dragons generation: namely, that elves and trolls and dwarves are purely Norse and Beowulfish in origin. Tolkien took them from the world of Beowulf and made that world and no other the staple of fantasy worlds. Tolkien made the ylfas and orcs and ettins into the elves and dwarves and trolls we now tend to think of as trite stereotypes of an overly-plowed field.But you will in vain seek their like in THE WORM OUROBOROS by ER Eddison, nor in LUD-IN-THE-MIST by Hope Mirrlees, nor in anything written by James Branch Cabell nor William Morris nor Lord Dunsany nor Clarke Ashton Smith nor William Hope Hodgson nor William Beckford nor Arthur Machen nor the great Robert E. Howard in any writer in that genre that used to be called fantasy before the coming of Tolkien. These peoples and creatures entered the common imagination from the forgotten north of the world through the pen of JRR Tolkien.Turning for a moment to the Hobbit, we see the dragon Smaug circled on gold in his buried hold in much the same manner as the dragon of Beowulf. Both are stirred to outrage by the theft of a trifle from their greed-gathered horde, a gold cup. Both rise up in flame and wrath to burn nearby homesteads. It is an entirely Norse conception of a dragon. The dragon slain in myth by Saint George was no hoarder of gold; Nagas of the East and Liang of the Far East are different beasties entirely, albeit called dragons in our language.One artistic technique the poet of Beowulf used was to interpolate referen ces to even earlier events and sagas into the matter of the poem. Early critics of Beowulf thought this a structural weakness, or even evidence of two or three poets cobbling disjointed earlier material together. But a close attention to the matter perhaps shows the poet meaning to draw out parallels and contrasts between the ancient events and the struggle in Hereot, or the dark mere, or the barrow. It gives the poem, which was meant to be antiquarian at the time it was ritten, a richness of depth, by depicting a world of many layers of ever receding time. Behind every treasure sword and necklace, there is a tale, and weapons have names and histories even as great households and heroes and the lineages do. Tolkien is often complimented on the richness of the detail, the sense of many ages piled up behind the event in the current War of the Ring; but what he did was to copy Beowulf, and use the same technique, giving names to swords and remarking on the histories of towers and lands until the weight of history settles into the imagination of the reader.I contrast it with, for example, Homer’s ILIAD, where the technique is not used. Aside from the armor of Narses, I cannot recall the history of any weapon being recounted among the Greek. It is purely Norse touch. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings seems a real world because so often mention is made of former days and older ways, and the tale is of the passing away of things with deep roots who once stood long in their places.Finally, the world itself, the Middle Earth, is merely the Old English word for Midgard, the world suspended halfway between the dark of hell and the light of heaven. The melancholy of the passing away of the older world was also a theme in BEOWULF, in the ears of the listeners even if we cannot hear it today. The English poet set his tale amid Danish lands and centuries (even at that time) long gone by. The old ways were past, and the new had come. The poet says farewell to the worl d of Beowulf even as he writes his saga.In much the same way, JRR Tolkien says farewell to the world and worldview that passed away before and during the Great War in Europe, the death of the days when the world was alive and elves lurked unseen in the twilight, the death of faith and faithfulness, the passing away of kings and heroes and all things ancient and fine, and the final triumph of the smoggy mediocrity of Mordor. Part of the reason for the fame of his book is that many folk share the sentiment of elegy, and wish, with Professor Tolkien, to say farewell to a world nobler than our own.